Degenerative Joint Disease, also known as osteoarthritis (OA), is a common condition that occurs when the protective cartilage that cushions the ends of bones in the joints wears down over time. It is the most common form of arthritis and can affect any joint in the body, though it most frequently impacts the knees, hips, hands, and spine. As the cartilage deteriorates, bones may rub together, leading to pain, swelling, stiffness, and decreased mobility.

Common Causes of Low Back Pain

Degenerative Joint Disease develops gradually over time, and several factors can contribute to its onset, including:

• Age: The risk of developing osteoarthritis increases with age as the joints naturally wear down.
• Joint Injuries: Previous injuries to a joint, such as fractures or ligament tears, can increase the likelihood of developing osteoarthritis later in life.
• Repetitive Stress: Jobs or activities that involve repetitive motions, such as bending, lifting, or squatting, can cause additional wear on the joints.
• Obesity: Excess body weight puts additional stress on weight-bearing joints, particularly the knees and hips, leading to faster cartilage deterioration.
• Genetics: Some individuals may have a genetic predisposition to developing osteoarthritis, particularly in the hands.
• Bone or Joint Abnormalities: People born with malformed joints or defective cartilage are more likely to develop degenerative joint disease.

Symptoms of Low Back Pain
The symptoms of Degenerative Joint Disease can vary depending on the severity of the condition and which joints are affected. Common symptoms include:

• Joint Pain: Pain is often felt during or after movement and tends to worsen over time.
• Stiffness: Stiffness in the affected joints, especially after periods of inactivity or first thing in the morning.
• Swelling: The joints may become swollen or tender due to inflammation.
• Reduced Range of Motion: Over time, the affected joints may lose flexibility, making it difficult to perform certain movements.
• Grinding or Clicking Sensations: A grating or popping sensation may occur when moving the affected joint due to the loss of cartilage.
• Bone Spurs: In some cases, bone spurs (extra bits of bone) may form around the affected joint, contributing to pain and stiffness.
  
  

Diagnosis of Low Back Pain
To diagnose Degenerative Joint Disease, doctors typically begin with a physical exam and may recommend imaging tests and lab work:

• Medical History & Physical Exam: The doctor will assess your symptoms, check for tenderness, and evaluate the range of motion in the affected joint.
• Imaging Tests:
• X-rays: X-rays can reveal narrowing of the joint space, bone spurs, and other changes associated with osteoarthritis.
• MRI: Magnetic Resonance Imaging may be used in some cases to get a more detailed view of the soft tissues, including cartilage, ligaments, and muscles.

Surgery
Surgery is typically considered for severe cases of Degenerative Joint Disease when conservative treatments fail to provide relief, and the pain significantly impacts daily life. Surgical options include:

• Joint Replacement (Arthroplasty): In this procedure, the damaged joint is replaced with an artificial joint made of metal, plastic, or ceramic. Joint replacement is most common for knees and hips.
• Joint Fusion (Arthrodesis): In cases where joint replacement is not an option, the bones in the joint may be surgically fused to increase stability and reduce pain.
• Osteotomy: This surgery involves cutting and reshaping the bones around the joint to relieve pressure and improve alignment, often used for the knees or hips.
• Surgery is usually reserved for those with severe pain, limited mobility, and joint damage.

When to See a Doctor
You should consider seeing a doctor if:

• Chronic Pain: You experience persistent or worsening joint pain that does not improve with rest or over-the-counter medications.
• Stiffness or Swelling: Stiffness or swelling in the joints that affects your ability to move or perform daily activities.
• Limited Mobility: Difficulty moving the joint or performing everyday tasks, such as walking or climbing stairs.
• Joint Deformity: If the joint appears deformed, swollen, or is accompanied by a loss of function.
• No Relief from Conservative Treatments: If lifestyle changes, physical therapy, or medications fail to provide relief, it may be time to explore other treatment options.

Degenerative Joint Disease, or osteoarthritis, is a common condition that results from the gradual wear and tear of the joints over time. Although there is no cure, treatment options such as medications, physical therapy, lifestyle changes, and surgery can help manage symptoms and improve quality of life. If you experience persistent joint pain, stiffness, or limited mobility, it’s important to seek medical advice to develop a personalized treatment plan.